DOWNWARD CAUSATION AND THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF FREE WILL

The nature of our understanding of free will in the light of present-day neuroscience is becoming increasingly important because of remarkable discoveries on the topic being made by neuroscientists at the present time, on the one hand, and its crucial importance for the way we view ourselves as human beings, on the other. It also has major implications for our understanding of ethical responsibility and hence for public policy and legal issues.

CONTENTS

Introduction and Overview
Part I: Physics, Emergence, and Complex Systems
Part II: Volition and Consciousness: Are They Illusions?
Part III: Broader Understandings of Volition and Consciousness
Part IV: Human Implications of the Debate

Páginas : 300
Peso : 3mb.
Formato : PDF.
Edición : 1 edition
Año de Publicación :2009
ISBN : 978-3642032042
Editorial : Springer
Autor: Nancey Murphy , George F.R. Ellis

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VENOMOUS SNAKES - ENVENOMING, THERAPY

This is a comprehensive monograph on the problems of intoxication incurred by snake venom. This publication is primarily intended for those at all levels of health care, for members of rescue teams, surgeries and emergency hospitals, as well as specialized workplaces and intensive care units. Providing didactic instructions for first aid and treatment procedures, information is also presented on venomous snakes, the fundaments of their morphology and behavior, snakebite prevention, the composition of snake venom, symptoms of envenoming, plus first aid in the event of snakebite for non-professionals, travelers, terrain biologists, and breeders. This book features an updated alphabetical list of types and subtypes of all venomous snakes, including their home ranges, as well as comprehensive index, list of abbreviations, glossary, and color picture insert with one hundred photographs of venomous snakes.

CONTENTS

Preface

Introduction
List of Abbreviations

1. Zoological Basis
2. Epidemiology of Snakebites
3. Snake Venoms
4. Snake Antivenoms
5. Snakebite: Therapy and Prevention
6. Envenoming and Snakebite Treatment in Specific Snake Groups
7. List of Venomous Snakes

Glossary
Author’s Affiliation
Index
Pictures

Páginas : 340
Peso : 4mb.
Formato : PDF.
Edición : 1 edition
Año de Publicación :2010
ISBN : 978-1608766185
Editorial : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Autor: Jiri Valenta

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MATHEMATISCHE MODELLE IN DER BIOLOGIE

Dieses einführende Kapitel befasst sich mit der mathematischen Modellierung biologischer Wachstumsprozesse. Wir beginnenmit den klassischen Gesetzen von Malthus undVerhulst, die die mathematische Basis dieser Theorie bilden. Danach befassen wir uns mit der Modellierung von Interaktionen in Populationen. Hier sind die drei Grundtypen zu nennen, nämlich Konkurrenz, Kooperation bzw. Symbiose, und die Räuber-Beute-Konstellation. Jedem dieser Interaktionstypen ist ein eigener Abschnitt gewidmet, in denen die entsprechenden Modelle für zwei Arten ausführlich diskutiert werden.

CONTENTS

Prolog

I Populationen
II Infektionen
III Viren und Prionen
IV Paarbildung
V Genetik
VI Enzyme

Epilog
Appendix:Dynamische Systeme
Liste der Abbildungen
Mathematica Notebooks
Literaturverzeichnis
Stichwortverzeichnis

Páginas : 180
Peso : 2mb.
Formato : PDF.
Edición : 1 edition
Año de Publicación :2008
ISBN : 978-3764384364
Editorial : Birkhäuser Basel
Autor Jan W. Prüß, Roland Schnaubelt

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IMMUNOLOGY, PHENOTYPE FIRST: HOW MUTATIONS HAVE ESTABLISHED NEW PRINCIPLES AND PATHWAYS IN IMMUNOLOGY

This monograph deals with the impact of classical genetics in immunology, providing examples of how large immunological questions were solved, and new fields opened to analysis through the study of phenotypes, either spontaneous or induced. As broad as biology has become, there are those who do not fully understand what the genetic approach is, and how it differs fundamentally from most of the methods available to natural scientists. They may hold the opinion that genetics has run its course since Mendel read his paper on peas in 1865. “Why bother with classical genetics,” they may ask. “Won’t all genes be knocked out soon anyway?” Or they are intimidated by genetics, with its heavy reliance on model organisms that seem so alien. “What has C. elegans to do with me?” the questioning might go. “It
doesn’t even have lymphocytes.” Such skeptics may be unaware that the mouse is fast becoming as tractable a model organism as the fly, and that humans may not be too far behind. So I would like to introduce the topic with a few words about the power of genetics, and why it has contributed so much to immunology, and to biology in general.

CONTENTS

Part I: Immunodeficiency

The Forward Genetic Dissection of Afferent Innate Immunity
Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Infections in Mice: A/J meets C57BL/6J
Host Defenses Against Human Papillomaviruses: Lessons from Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis
Innate Resistance to Flavivirus Infections and the Functions of 2´-5´ Oligoadenylate Synthetases
Cmv1 and Natural Killer Cell Responses to Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection
Genetic Dissection of Host Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The sst1 Locus and the Ipr1 Gene

Part II: Self-Reactivity

Scurfy, the Foxp3 Locus, and the Molecular Basis of Peripheral Tolerance
Fevers, Genes, and Innate Immunity
Itchy Mice: The Identifi cation of a New Pathway for the Development of Autoimmunity
TIM Gene Family and Their Role in Atopic Diseases

Páginas : 236
Peso : 1mb.
Formato : PDF.
Edición : 1 edition
Año de Publicación :2008
ISBN : 978-3540752028
Editorial : Springer
Autor: Bruce Beutler

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ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS WITH CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL METHODS

Edited by two of the leading researchers in the field, this book provides a deep, interdisciplinary insight into stoichiometric and catalytic reactions in this continuously expanding area. A plethora of top German scientists with an international reputation covers various aspects, from classical organic chemistry to process development, and from the theoretical background to biological methods using enzymes. Throughout the focus is on the development of new synthetic methods in asymmetric synthesis, the synthesis of natural and bioactive compounds and the latest developments in both chemical and biological methods of catalysis, as well as the investigation of special technical and biotechnical aspects.

CONTENTS

Foreword.
Preface.
List of Contributors.

1 Stoichiometric Asymmetric Synthesis.
2 Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis.
3 Reaction Technology in Asymmetric Synthesis.

Index.
Name Index.

Páginas : 470
Peso : 7mb.
Formato : PDF.
Edición : Primera
Año de Publicación :2007
ISBN : 9783527314737
Editorial : Wiley
Autor Dieter Enders, Karl-Erich Jaeger

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CELL DEATH

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), also termed poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS), is a nuclear enzyme with a wide range of functions including regulation of DNA repair, cell differentiation, and gene expression. More than a decade after the identification of PARP-like enzymatic activities in mammalian cells, Dr. Nathan Berger and colleagues proposed a novel role for this enzyme, mediating a suicidal mechanism triggered by DNA strand breakage. As summarized in 1995 by Berger, “when DNA strand breaks are extensive or when breaks fail to be repaired, the stimulus for activation of poly(ADP-ribose) persists and the activated enzyme is capable of totally consuming cellular pools of NAD.

CONTENTS

Introduction

1. Nitric Oxide and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Neuronal Cell Death
2. Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Mediating Acute and Chronic Neuronal Injury and Neurodegeneration
3. Importance of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation in Myocardial Reperfusion Injury
4. Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation in Inflammation
5. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation and the Pathogenesis of Circulatory Shock
6. Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Islet Cell Death and Type 1 Diabetes
7. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in the Immune System: Focus on Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates and Cell Death
8. Protective Effect of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors against Cell Damage Induced by Antiviral and Anticancer Drugs
9. Involvement of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in the Cellular Response to DNA Damage
10. Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Apoptosis
11. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase is an Active Participant in Programmed Cell Death and Maintenance of Genomic Stability
12. Pleiotropic Roles of Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation of DNA-Binding Proteins
13. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition by Genetic and Pharmacological Means
14. Determination of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation and Cleavage during Cell Death
15. Isoforms of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase: Potential Roles in Cell Death

Páginas : 352
Peso : 7mb.
Formato : PDF.
Edición : Primera
Año de Publicación :2000
ISBN : 9780849322679
Editorial : CRC Press
Autor: Csaba Szabo, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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BIOLOGY OF BRASSICA COENOSPECIES

Brassica crop species and their allies (Raphanus, Sinapis, Eruca, etc.) are important sources of edible roots, stems, leaves, buds and inflorescences, as well as of edible or industrial oils, condiments and forage. Many well known names of plants or plant products, such as kale, cabbage, brocolli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kohl-rabi, Chinese cabbage, turnip, rape, rutabaga, swede, colza or rapeseed, canola, mustard, rocket, etc. are directly associated to this botanical group.

The scientific interest for this botanical group has run parallel to its economical importance, and research achievements in our days would have certainly appeared unimaginable only two decades ago. As the end of the millenium approaches, entirely new fields (transformation, somatic fusion, etc.) have been added to the classical ones. Thus, nobody can doubt the opportuneness of this book, which combines and presents both the basic and applied biological aspects of the Brassica species.

CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Taxonomy
Chapter 2. Origin and Domestication
Chapter 3. Cytogenets
Chapter 4. Somatic Hybridization
Chapter 5. Self-Incompatibility
Chapter 6. Male Sterility
Chapter 7. Genome Structure and Mapping
Chapter 8. Iiaploidy
Chapter 9. Genetic Engineering
Chapter I0. Chemical Composition
Chapter 11. Physiology
Chapter 12. Diseases
Chapter 13. Breeding: An Overview
Chapter 14. Genetic Resources

Páginas: 500
Peso : 23mb.
Formato : PDF.
Edición : Primera
Año de Publicación:1999
ISBN: 978-0444502780
Editorial: Elsevier Science
Autor C. Gomez-Campo


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WILD JUSTICE: THE MORAL LIVES OF ANIMALS

Cognitive ethologist Bekoff (The Emotional Lives of Animals) and philosopher Pierce (Morality Play) explore the moral lives of such commonly studied animals as primates, wolves, household rodents, elephants, dolphins—and a few uncommon critters as well. Citing too few examples (though the authors say that the more we look, the more we'll see) and too many term definitions, this book presents studies of rats refusing to obtain food if it means hurting another rat; the care given by chimpanzees to a chimp stricken by cerebral palsy; and comfort offered to grieving elephants by members of the same herd. The authors contend that, in order to understand the moral compass by which animals live, we must first expand our definition of morality to include moral behavior unique to each species. Studies done by the authors, as well as experts in the fields of psychology, human social intelligence, zoology and other branches of relevant science excellently bolster their claim. (May)

CONTENTES
Preface Into the Wild

1. Morality in Animal Societies An Embarrassment of Riches
2. Foundations for Wild Justice What Animals Do and What It Means
3. Cooperation Reciprocating Rats and Back-Scratching Baboons
4. Empathy Mice in the Sink
5. Justice Honor and Fair Play among Beasts
6. Animal Morality and Its Discontents A New Synthesis

Acknowledgments
Notes
General References
Index

Páginas : 204
Peso : 2mb.
Formato : PDF.
Edición : Primera
Año de Publicación :2009
ISBN : 978-0226041612
Editorial : University Of Chicago
Autor Marc Bekoff , Jessica Pierce


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ANAESTHESIA FOR VETERINARY NURSES

There have been many changes in veterinary medicine since the fi rst edition of Anaesthesia for Veterinary Nurses was published in 2003. There is anincreasing number of specialist referral hospitals, and the speciality of emergency and critical care has blossomed in the United Kingdom. However, still central to much that is achieved in veterinary practice is the ability to sedate and anaesthetise patients safely. The protocols and methods involved in veterinary anaesthesia are often complex and vary considerably from patient to patient.

CONTENTS
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements

1. The Role of the Veterinary Nurse in Anaesthesia
2. Physiology Relevant to Anaesthesia
3. Preoperative Assessment and Preparation of the Patient
4. Anaesthetic Machines and Ventilators
5. Breathing Systems and Airway Management
6. Anaesthetic Drugs
7. Analgesia
8. Intravenous Access and Fluid Therapy
9. Monitoring the Anaesthetised Patient
10. Nursing the Patient in Recovery
11. Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation and Other Emergencies
12. Rabbits, Ferrets and Rodent Anaesthesia
13. Avian Anaesthesia
14. Reptile Anaesthesia
15. Large Animal Anaesthesia

Index

Páginas : 410
Peso : 10mb.
Formato : PDF.
Edición : Second
Año de Publicación :2009
ISBN : 978-1-4051-8673-5
Editorial :Wiley
Autor Liz Welsh



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